Summary

I collected data on the social media accounts of 79 EA-related organisations. Key findings:

• Orgs have far more followers on Facebook and Twitter than on Instagram. Facebook accounts typically have more followers than Twitter accounts, but this varies between cause areas
• A number of Longtermism- and Infrastructure-focused orgs have stepped away from social media since 2021
• On Facebook, posting regularly correlates weakly with having a larger following
• Overall, it appears that EA-aligned organisations should consider their cause area within EA when forming a social media strategy

Methodology

I checked the Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts of each of the orgs on this list of EA-related organisations and collected data on 1) the number of days since last posting and 2) the number of followers. See the footnotes for details on methodology^[1] and limitations^[2] [Footnotes are included in the main text because the forum is being glitchy].

You can find the full dataset here.

Data Overview

• 87% of the 79 organisations surveyed have an account on either Facebook, Twitter or Instagram
• Of the organisations on social media, only 58% had been active in the past week
• Most of the organisations use Facebook and Twitter and less than half of them use Instagram:

There was a good spread of cause areas in the survey:

Orgs to Watch

A number of the organisations stood out for their aptitude on social media. Below are “ten organisations to watch”, with links to their respective accounts:

Follower Data

Facebook or Twitter? It depends on the cause area.

65% of organisations had more followers on Facebook than on Twitter. Comparing the median value of Facebook followers per Twitter follower within each cause area, we see significant variation (with the caveat that sample sizes are small). 

It appears that cause area has a strong correlation with which platform an organisation does best in: all Animal Advocacy orgs had more Facebook followers than Twitter followers, while 5 of 8 Longtermist orgs had the opposite trend.

Why such a difference between the cause areas? I have a few suggestions:

• Anecdotally, Facebook is better than Twitter for harnessing broad audiences with shared interests. Animal Advocacy orgs may have been able to snare the audiences of big groups like Greenpeace and the WWF (3.1M and 3.6M Facebook followers respectively). The other cause areas don’t have such big peers to poach from (Oxfam has 1.1M followers, and Longtermism barely exists beyond EA)
• It seems plausible that Twitter is simply more popular among Effective Altruists. This would explain why the Animal Advocacy movement, within which EAs are a minority, is an exception here (although EAs are also a minority in Global Health & Poverty)
• Some Longtermist and Infrastructure orgs have stopped using Facebook since 2021 and hence can expect to be weaker on the platform (see next subsection)
• Demographics. Twitter is more male than Facebook, and Longtermism is probably more male than than the other cause areas

I do not take the demographics argument too seriously, however: there is far more variation within cause areas than can be explained by age or gender or random variation. Take a look at the four “most followed” animal advocacy organisations:

The Facebook:Twitter ratio varies by a full order of magnitude!

What can we learn here? 

• If there are organisations in your field with giant followings, Facebook may be the best platform to build a following on (research needed on this)
• I would tentatively suggest that the “more EA” your expected audience is, the more highly you should value Twitter.
• Learn from the best: check out the “ten organisations to watch” above

Some Longtermist & Infrastructure orgs are stepping away from social media

Below are shown orgs with a strong following that have not posted on Facebook for 90 days or more.

These orgs appear to have consciously stopped using Facebook, and most no longer systematically use Twitter either.

Why? I have a few ideas:

• Orgs may be concerned that social media communicates a crude message. CEA have written about the "Fidelity Model" of communication, concluding that the dangers of low-fidelity channels may outweigh the benefits. [@Alishaandomeda gives a good counter argument to this conclusion, as does @Arepo, who indicates that CEA now plans to have more active involvement with the media]
• The above may be especially relevant for Longtermist orgs, whose research is rife with infohazards and easily misrepresented.
• Some Longtermist and EA Infrastructure orgs have secured funding through billionaires and regranting programmes. They don't need individual donors and thus have less incentive to build a mass following

The funding situation may have changed with the collapse of FTX, however: CLR admitted to a funding crisis in a recent appeal for donations - an appeal that will likely reach fewer people than if they had invested in building their audience.

Follower numbers are much lower for Instagram, but a few orgs are making the most of the platform

Most of the orgs on the list had Facebook and Twitter, but fewer than half had Instagram:

Animal Advocacy and Global Health & Poverty orgs were much more likely to be on Instagram, while only one of the Longtermist orgs was on the platform:

Organisations can be justified in feeling they have less to gain from Instagram: on average, orgs had 7.7 Facebook followers for each Instagram follower^[3].

Why the difference between cause areas?

• Global Health and Poverty organisations are more likely to have large followings (>10k), so have more to gain from running an Instagram account
• Animal Advocacy and Global Health and Poverty organisations have more savvy competitors (like Greenpeace and Oxfam) and hence may feel a need to be on Instagram in order to keep up
• Animal Advocacy and Global Health and Poverty lend themselves more naturally to visual content, while AI alignment or EA infrastructure can be difficult to turn into engaging images.

There are, however, a few orgs that are making the most of Instagram. Go back to the “ten organisations to watch” above.

EA-Related social media is dominated by a few top brands (a trend that is strongest within Animal Advocacy)

In terms of follower count (total followers across the three platforms), each cause area is dominated by its top organisations. The table shows the follower count of the top 3 orgs in each cause area as a percentage of the total follower count for all orgs in the cause area.

What can we learn from this?

• If you are an Animal Advocacy organisation looking for exposure, a mention or retweet from one of the top accounts in your field (The Humane League, Animal Ethics and The Good Food Institute) could be gold dust
• The same is true to a lesser extent for Longtermist orgs (look to Future of Life Institute, Machine Intelligence Research Institute and Future of Humanity Institute)
• In all cause areas the top 3 organisations are capturing more than half of the followings of the field. This is an “80/20” situation in which a small group of orgs wield most of the social media influence.

Regular posting is correlated with number of followers

Using "days since last post" as a proxy for regularity of posts, there is moderate correlation with following size (this part of the analysis uses Facebook data only).

Using the full dataset gives an Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.39 (with both axes logarithmic)^[4]. 

When we remove orgs that have not posted in the last 2 months the strength of correlation increases, with a Pearson value of -0.52. The gradient of the trendline becomes much steeper (see chart below).

I think this chart better reflects the relationship between regularity of posts and size of following. Those organisations which have stepped away from Facebook (having built a following back when they were posting regularly) were clouding the picture.

What can we learn here? Not much. The data cannot prove the direction of causation, but it probably goes both ways: orgs with a large following have more incentive to harness their audience by posting regularly; orgs that post regularly will attract more followers. My advice to orgs would be:

1. Posting regularly can be a way to grow your following, but
2. Growing your following is not an end in itself. You should have a clear idea of what you want to do with your following. What message do you want to give them? What actions do you want them to take?
3. Both 1) and 2) should inform what you post, and how regularly

Areas for Further Study

Sifting through the data has given me a few ideas for hypotheses, although this dataset is not able to support them. These hypotheses could be useful in informing future research:

• Hypothesis 1 - The social media engagement of EA-related orgs fits into three broad categories:
  • Conscious engagement: planning and executing a strategy to get the most from social media platforms
  • Conscious disengagement: deciding not to use social media because the risks and costs are deemed to outweigh the benefits
  • Unconscious disengagement: personal aversion to social media or a lack of bandwidth leads to sporadic and ineffective engagement with the platforms
• Hypothesis 2 - Facebook engagement is declining, especially among younger people, and hence official accounts on the platform will be of diminishing value to EA orgs in the years ahead (although it may be that as Pages are becoming less powerful, Groups are becoming more so).
   

Acknowledgements

Thanks to @Alishaandomeda for providing useful feedback.

Footnotes 

[Included in the main text because the Forum is being glitchy]

^[1] Methodology: 

• I did not include the 6 orgs from the list that appear to be no longer operational
• Days since last post was measured from 1500 UTC on 12 December 2022 and the age of posts more than 2 months old was rounded to the nearest 30 days
• Number of followers was recorded to 2 significant figures and checked on 23 December 2022.

^[2] Limitations: 

• The list of EA-related orgs dates from October 2020, so a number of newer orgs have been left out. It seems plausible that the newer orgs missed by the list would be more active on social media and have smaller followings than the ones included in this study. Given the declining importance of Facebook in the social media landscape, it also seems plausible that newer orgs will place less emphasis on Facebook engagement, and that this study might exaggerate the importance of Facebook.
• The study only examines Facebook, Twitter and Instagram usage at a fixed moment in time. It does not extend to:
  • Engagement over time. For example, a repeat study in the future could track changes in followings and examine how closely this is correlated with regularity of posting
  • Other social media platforms like Linkedin and Youtube.
  • Asking orgs about their social media strategy. It would be interesting to reach out to orgs, especially those stepping away from social media, to ask them to explain their social media strategy
  • The effect of paid promotions

^[3] Of the 29 organisations with both Facebook and Instagram accounts, the median “Facebook followers per Instagram followers” score was 7.7

^[4] Correlation: The correlation was weaker when the scales were not logarithmic, or when only one of them was. 

Chart: Orgs with a post 0 days ago are not visible on the charts, but are included in the R² values.